Vesico-vaginal fistula

Vesico-vaginal fistula (VVF) is a distressing condition characterized by an abnormal connection between the urinary bladder and the vagina, leading to continuous leakage of urine. Beyond its physical impact, VVF profoundly affects the psychological and social well-being of affected women. Although not rare, reliable national data on its prevalence in Pakistan are lacking. Globally, the burden of this condition remains significant, particularly in developing countries where prolonged obstructed labor is the leading cause, in contrast to developed nations where pelvic surgeries and radiation are the main etiological factors.